The Evolution of Ketamine: From Sedative to Depression Treatment to Party Drug
Ketamine, a drug that has been used as a sedative and an alternative treatment for pain and depression, has undergone significant changes since its development in the 1960s. Originally used as an anesthetic for humans and animals, ketamine is now known as a promising treatment for severe depression and a popular psychedelic party drug. However, its association with the tragic death of Friends star Matthew Perry has raised concerns about its safety.
The Potential of Ketamine in Depression Treatment
In 2006, researchers at the National Institutes of Health discovered that an intravenous dose of ketamine could provide rapid relief from severe depression within hours. This is in contrast to traditional antidepressants like Prozac and Zoloft, which can take weeks to take effect and may not work for every patient. Dr. Martin Teicher, an associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, has hailed the use of ketamine as one of the biggest advances in psychiatry in recent times. In fact, in 2019, the Food and Drug Administration approved Spravato, a nasal spray based on ketamine, as the first antidepressant of its kind.
Despite its quick efficacy, research has shown that the effects of ketamine tend to diminish after a few days or weeks. Matthew Perry, who was undergoing ketamine infusion therapy for depression and anxiety, had received his most recent infusion a week and a half before his death. However, the autopsy report stated that the ketamine used for his therapy was unlikely to be the cause of his death, as the drug’s half-life in the system is only around three to four hours.
Exploring Other Uses of Ketamine
Scientists continue to study the potential of ketamine in treating various psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders and PTSD. Additionally, researchers are looking for ways to prolong the effects of ketamine. A recent study found that administering the drug to patients who played computer games designed to boost self-esteem after a ketamine infusion appeared to extend the benefits of the anesthetic for up to three months.
Ketamine’s Dark Side: Misuse and Tragic Consequences
While ketamine has shown promise in medical settings, it has also gained popularity as a recreational drug due to its ability to induce hallucinations and an “out of body” experience. However, overdosing on ketamine can lead to dangerous symptoms such as amnesia, seizures, unconsciousness, and dangerously slowed breathing. It is important to note that fatal overdoses are rare when ketamine is used alone, but the risk increases when it is combined with alcohol or other substances.
The Tragic Case of Elijah McClain
One tragic example of the misuse of ketamine is the case of Elijah McClain. McClain was killed by police officers in Aurora, Colorado in August 2019. After being restrained by three officers, he was administered a large dose of ketamine by paramedics. McClain’s heart stopped while in the ambulance, and he never regained consciousness. The paramedics involved are currently facing felony charges, while the police officers involved were acquitted or faced lesser charges.
In conclusion, ketamine has evolved from being a sedative and anesthetic to a potential breakthrough treatment for depression. However, its misuse as a party drug and the associated risks highlight the need for responsible use and further research into its long-term effects.
